Appendix

9.1 Frequently Used Abbreviations

Ophthalmology:
BCV Best Corrected Vision
BCVA Best Corrected Visual Acuity
ICL Intra Corneal Lens
IOL Intra Ocular Lens
LASIK LAser (assisted) InSitu Keratomileusis
PRK PhotoRefractive Keratectomy
RK Radial Keratotomy
UCV UnCorrected Vision
UCVA UnCorrected Visual Acuity

Quality:
TQM Total Quality Management
SPC Statistical Process Control
 
9.2 Figures
Figure 1: Conceptual Ideas of Correcting Vision 12
Figure 2: Classification of Refractive Surgical Techniques 16
Figure 3: Definition of Keratomileusis 20
Figure 4: Laser Insitu Keratomileusis LASIK 25
Figure 5: RK/PRK Limitations 27
Figure 6: LASIK's Characteristics 28
Figure 7: The Deming Cycle 33
Figure 8: The Nature of Service 43
Figure 9: Trichotomy of Service Quality by Donabedian 44
Figure 10: The Model of Grönroos 45
Figure 11: Potential Quality in the Model of Donabedian 48
Figure 12: Further Modification Towards the Model of Meyer 49
Figure 13: The Complete Model of Meyer 50
Figure 14: Three Types of Describing Different Quality Levels 55
Figure 15: Type of Patients 62
Figure 16: Motivation Patterns for Choosing Refractive Surgery 63
Figure 17: Functions of Refractive Surgery 68
Figure 18: Requirements for Refractive Surgery 70
Figure 19: Magnification and Success of Accommodation 72
Figure 20: Treated Zone and Spherical Zone 73
Figure 21: Largest Diameter of Treated Zone 75
Figure 22: Myopic Offset in Relation to Age 78
Figure 23:Myopic Offset for Presbyopia 78
Figure 24: Matchment Scheme for High Myopia 79
Figure 25: Integral Quality Indicators 80
Figure 26: Specific Quality Indicators 81
Figure 27: Satisfaction of Having Undergone Surgery 82
Figure 28: Auto-Selection of Patient 85
Figure 29: Common Presurgical Selection 86
Figure 30: Best Presurgical Selection 87
Figure 31: Calling for an Appointment 89
Figure 32: Typical Tayloristic Organisation of Presurgical Examination 91
Figure 33 : Best Selection Process in Group/line Organisation 92
Figure 34: Rules for Successful In Situ Keratomileusis 95
Figure 35: Detailed Steps at Surgery 98
Figure 36: Postsurgical Controls 99
Figure 37: Experienced Process Quality 101
Figure 38: Requirements of a Perfect Microkeratome 102
Figure 39: Potentials of Laser Approaches 104
Figure 40: Notation for Refractive Surgery 104
Figure 41: Requirments on Excimer Lasers 106
Figure 42: Organisation of Staff 108
Figure 43: Learning Curve in LASIK Surgery 110
Figure 44: Interpretation of Learning Curve in LASIK 112
Figure 45: Teaching Scheme for Lasik Surgery 113
Figure 46: Requirements of a Best Practise Pattern 114
Figure 47: Best Practise Pattern in LASIK 115

9.3 Literature

Quality

Ame95;  Ament-Rambow, C.; Lean Management im Krankenhaus- Kostensenkung und Qualitätssteigerung; Krankenhaus Umschau; Nürnberg; Okt 94
AS94;  Andrews, D.C.; Stalick, S.K.; Business Reengineering: The Survival Guide ; Prentice Hall; Englewood Cliffs; 1994
Ast95;  Asthana, P.; Jumping the S-Curve; IEEE; IBM; Jun 95
BM94;  Bolz, J.; Meffert, H; Internationales Marketing; U-GH PB; Münster; 1994
Dan93;  Dangelmaier, W.; Grundlagen von Fertigungsinformationssystemen; U-GH PB; Pader-born; 1993
DIN87;  DIN ISO 9000; Leitfaden zur Auswahl und Anwendung der Normen; 1987
HC93;  Hammer, M.; Champy, J.; Reengineering the Corporation; Harper Collins; 1993
Ish90;  Ishikawa, K.; Introduction to Quality Control; JUSE Press; Japan; 1989
KDK+95 Krumpazsky, H.G.; Dannheim; Klauß, V.; Selbmann H.-K.; Qualitätsmanagement, Möglichkeiten und Chancen in der Augenheilkunde; Ophthalmologe; Tübingen; 1995
Kus94;  Kusserow, I.; Ermittlung des Abdeckungsgrades der heute eingesetzten Modelliermethoden von Informationsverarbeitungsprozessen; U-GH PB; Paderborn; 1994
MM87;  Meyer, A.; Mattmüller,  R.; Qualität von Dienstleistungen, Entwurf eines praxisorien-tierten Qualitätsmodells; Marketing ZFP 87; Aug 87
NB92;  Niemann, F.-M.; Beske, F.; Qualitätssicherung in Krankenhäusern Schleswig-Holsteins; WHO; Feb 92
PAS+94;  Pietsch-Breitfeld, B.; Allholf, R.; Selbmann H.; et al.; Qualitätssicherung Ophthal-mologie Kateraktoperation; Institut für Informationsverarbeitung; Tübingen; Apr 94
Sel84;  Selbmann, H.K.; Klinische Studien und die Qualitätssicherung ärztlichen Handlens; MMV; München; Apr 84
TC90;  Taguchi, G.; Clausing, D.; Radikale Ideen zur Qualitätssicherung; Fertigung/Technik; 1990
 
Refractive Surgery

AA89;  Arciniegas, A.; Amaya, L.; Queratomia Radial; Bogotá; 1989
AH93;  Applegate, R. A. et al.; Magnification and Visual Acuity in Refractive Surgery ; Arch Ophtalmol; 1993
ATS 93;  Amano, S.; Tanaka, S.; Shimizu K.; Topographical Evaluation of Centration of Excimer Laser Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy; Cateract, Refractive Surgery; Tokyo; Nov 94
Bar96;  Barraquer, C.; Personal Communication ; Bogota; 1996
Bar 89;  Barraquer, J. I.; Basis of Refractive Keratoplasty; Journal of Refractive Surgical Proce-dures ; Mai 89
Bar67;  Barraquer, J. I.; Basis of Refractive Keratoplasty; Amer. Oftal. Optom.; Bogotá; 1967
Bar64;  Barraquer, J. I.; Queratomileusis para la Correccion de la Miopia; Amer. Oftal, Optom.; Bogota; 1964
Bar49;  Barraquer, J. I.; Queratoplastia Refractiva (Nota Previa); Instituto Barraquer; Bogotá; 1949
BF93;  Buratto, L.; Ferrari, M.; Photorefractive Keratectomy or Keratomileusis with Excimer Laser in Surgical Correction of Severe Myopia;
Els96;  Elsner, C.; Personal Communication (Schwind) ;
FT95;  Fiander, D.C.; Tayfour, F.; Excimer Laser In Situ Keratomileusis in 124 Myopic Eyes; Journal of Refractive Surgical Procedures; Windsor, Canada; Mai 95
GM96;  Güell, J.L.; Muller, A.; LASIK from -7 to -18 Diopters; Journal of Refractive Surgical Procedures; Barcelona; Feb 96
Hav92;  Haverbeke, L.; Patient Preference -Contact Lens or Radial Keratotomy-; Journal of Re-fractive Surgical Procedures, Vol8; ; Jul 92
Hay95;  Hayes, J.; Teleconference: Panalists Forecast Slow Growth for PRK; ARGUS; Jul 95
HSB+96;  Helmy, S.A.; Salah, A.; Badawy T.T.; etc.; PRK and LASIK for Myopia Between 6 and 10 Diopters; Journal of Refractive Surgical Procedures; Cairo, Eqypt; Jan 96
Kno95;  Knorz, M.C.; Laser-Insitu-Keratomileusis; Ophthalmo-Chirugie; Mannheim; 1995
Koe96;  Koepnick, R.G.; Personal Communication (Phoenix, 'Peschke');
LFB+93;  Lohmann, C.P.; Fitzke, F.W.; O'Bart, D.; et al.; Halos -- A problem for All Myopes? A comparison Between Spectacles, Contact Lenses, and Photorefractive Keratectomy; Jour-nal of Refractive Surgical Procedures; Regensburg; Mar 93
LFH96;  Lachenmayr, B.; Friedburg, D.; Hartmann, E.; Auge-Brille-Refraktion; Enke Verlag; Stuttgart; 1996
MP96;  Migneco, M.K.; Pepose, J.S.; Attitudes of Successful Contact Lens Wearers Towards Refractive Surgery; Journal of Refractive Surgical Procedures; Washington; Jan 96
Nor 95;  Noreika, J. C.; The 'Value' of Photorefractive Keratectomy; Ophthalmology WorldNews; Aug 95
Nor 89;  Nordan, L.T.; José Barraquer : Farther of Modern Refractive Keratoplasty;
PDS94;  Pallikaris, I.G.; Dimitrios, S.; Siganos, D.S.; Excimer Laser In Situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive Keratectomy for Correction of High Myopia; Journal of Refractive Surgi-cal Procedures; Crete, Greece; Sep 94
PERK84;  the PERK Study Group; Psychosocial Characteristics of Candidates for the Prospective Evalution of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study; Arch Ophthalmol-Vol 102; Aug 84
PMA+84;  Powers, M.K.; Meyerowitz, B.E.; Arrowsmith, P.N.; et al.; Psychosocial Findings in Radial Keratotomy Patients Two Years after Surgery; Ophthalmology Vol91, N.10; Oct 84
RK93;  Roberts, C.W.; Koester, C.J.; Optical Zone Diameters for Photorefractive Corneal Sur-gery; Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Vol.34, No.7; Jun 93
RS95;  Ruiz, L.; Slade, S.; AAO; Okt 95
Rui95;  Ruiz, L.; Murcia, A.; Personal Communication and Observation of Surgery; 17. 12. 1995
Sch96;  Scharrer, A.; Die Prinzipien des PRK mit Retreatment (presentation: 2. Münchner Exci-mer Laser Symposium; ALZ Laser Zentrum); München; Feb 96
Sch95;  Schmidt-Clausen, H.J.; Grundlagen Lichttechnik: Bau und Wirkungsweise des menschli-chen Auges ; Technische Hochschule Darmstadt; 1995
Sei86;  Seiler, T.; Jahrestagung der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft; 1986
Sei95;  Seiler, Theo; Gegenwärtige Einschätzung der Myopierkorrektur mit dem Excimerlaser; Opthalmologe; 1995
SHS86;  Sanders, D.R.; Hofmann, R.F.; Salz, J. J.; Refractive Corneal Surgery; Slack Incorpo-rated; New Jersey; 1986
SK95;  Snyder, R. ; Klein, P.; Laser Vision Correction Part I:  Understanding the Tissue and Beam Interactions; Spectrum; Nov 95
SM82;  Srinivasan, R.; Mayne-Banton, V.; Self-Developing Photoetching of Poly (ethylene tere-phthalate) Films by far UV Excimer-Laser Radiation; Appl. Phys Lett; 1982
SWM+96;  Salah, T.; Waring, G.O.; Maghraby, A.; et al.; Excimer Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Under a Corneal Flap for Myopia of 2 to 20 Diopters; American Journal of Ophthalmol-ogy, Vol 121, No.2; 1996
TCG+94;  Tavola, A.; Carones, F.; Galli, L.; et al.; The Learning Curve in Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy; Journal of Refractive Surgical Procedures; Milano; Mar 94
TSB83;  Torkel, S.L.; Srinivasan,R.; Braren, B.; Excimer Laser Surgery of the Cornea; Am J Ophthalmol; 1983
Zei95;  Zeitz, J.; Praxisbuch der Refraktiven Chirurgie; Biermann; Düsseldorf; 1995